Foundations Home Meaning Bible Dictionary History Quotations

Hooded Man Fallacy


Logical Fallacy Illicit Substitution of Identicals / Hooded Man Fallacy / Masked Man Fallacy / Intensional Fallacy / Epistemic Fallacy / Leibniz' Law Fallacy

The hooded man fallacy is a formal fallacy that covers up the problem when reasoning is based on one of the three fallacies of Agrippa's trilemma. Whenever a logical fallacy is committed, the fallacy has its roots in Agrippa's trilemma. All human thought (without Divine revelation) is based on one of three unhappy possibilities. These three possibilities are infinite regress, circular reasoning, or axiomatic thinking. This problem is known as Agrippa's trilemma. Some have claimed that only logic and math can be known without Divine revelation; however, that is not true. There is no reason to trust either logic or math without Divine revelation. Science is also limited to the pragmatic because of the weakness on human reasoning, which is known as Agrippa's trilemma.

The Formal Logical Fallacy Illicit Substitution of Identicals / Hooded Man Fallacy / Masked Man Fallacy / Intensional Fallacy / Epistemic Fallacy / Leibniz' Law Fallacy occurs when the two ways of knowing: knowing of a thing and the knowing of the thing under all its various names or descriptions are mixed in a logical argument. Two things are claimed to be identical, but it is not known that they are. Generally, the only way that two things can be identical is if they are the same thing. You, for instance, are identical with yourself even if you go by several names. All those names refer to you, so each name is identical to all the others. “I know who X is. I don’t know who Y is. Therefore, X is not Y.” “I know what X is. I don’t know what Y is. Therefore, X is not Y.“ For all of these, there is a claim that two things are identical, but it cannot be assured that they are identical.

Being the same as. Not a matter of science or observation. Something is the same as itself.

Leibniz's Law: If two things (people, organizations, entities, etc.) are identical, all of their attributes will be identical. This fallacy, if it is committed, violates Leibniz's Law.

Examples of the Formal Logical Fallacy Illicit Substitution of Identicals / Hooded Man Fallacy / Masked Man Fallacy / Epistemic Fallacy / Intensional Fallacy / Leibniz' Law Fallacy

"Jesus said, 'Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father.' 'Don't you believe that I am in the Father, and that the Father is in me? The words I say to you I do not speak on my own authority. Rather, it is the Father, living in me, who is doing his work.' Therefore, Jesus is the Father."

Jesus didn't say that He is the Father. There is a unity that you may not be able to understand, but there is also a distinctness. The two are not the same person, yet they are both God, not two God's, but a single God. The unity of the Holy Spirit with the Father and Son is of the same nature.


Real Reality Books - FREE Books
The complexity of God’s Way understood in a single diagram Obey your flesh and descend into darkness

How can we know anything about anything? That’s the real question
click here to learn more about being redeemed from sin and set free to serve God in spirit and in truth. click here to learn more about holiness click here to learn more about being changed into the same image click here to learn more about sowing and reaping click here to learn more about the free gift of righteousness. click here to learn more about how faith gives us access to grace and grace does the works. click here to learn more about faith and how it comes. click here to learn more about acknowledging Jesus click here to learn more about how God speaks Who will you listen to?  Click here to learn more. click here to learn more about the pattern of God. click here to learn more about the pattern of God for individuals, marriage, and family. click here to learn more about the pattern of God for the local church click here to learn more about the Church universal